viernes, 14 de septiembre de 2007

Un libro para la reflexión

En esta semana de vértigo, además de todo, me he leído un libro muy serio Castellio contra Calvino de Stefan Zweig, que tiene como subtitulo Conciencia contra violencia. El libro narra la pugna de Sebastián Castellio contra el reformador protestante Calvino, que estableció en la Ginebra del siglo XVI una dictadura religiosa puritana que puede considerarse modélica para las que vendrían después. Calvino, que comenzó su carrera de predicador reformista en contra de las persecuciones religiosas, terminó ejerciendo férreamente un poder omnímodo y llevando a la hoguera a otro reformista un tanto visionario y decididamente poco convencional llamado Miguel Servet (considerado, de un modo un tanto alegre el descubridor de la circulación sanguínea y desde luego un personaje peculiar). Esta muerte, indignamente y arteramente causada, provocó la obra de Castellio Contra libellum Calvino y propició a su vez la terrible persecución de Calvino, que finalizó con la muerte en la miseria de Castellio, cuando ya Calvino lo tenía contra las cuerdas, a un paso de una denuncia que podía haber acabado con la hoguera. La obra es un canto a los derechos individuales frente a todos los totalitarimos y de la tolerancia frente a la intolerancia y en estos tiempos tan antinaturales, que provocan tanta violencia por nuestro modo malsano de vivir, es un buen momento para recordar la hermosa frase de Zweig Matar a un hombre no será nunca defender una doctrina, será siempre matar a un hombre Para una curiosidad, he entrado en el catálogo de mi biblioteca a buscar obras de Castellio, a quién en nuestro registro de autoridad se llama Castellion, Sèbastien (1515-1563), y aparte de ocho obras modernas que son estudios sobre él y su obra, sólo he encontrado un registro bibliográfico, Contra Libellum Calvini in quo ostendere conatur Haereticos jure gladij..., de 1612 y formando parte de la colección de Luis de Usoz, que reunió gran cantidad de obras sobre los llamados heterodoxos. Dos cosas me sorprenden, en primer lugar, que haya una sola obra en una biblioteca tan rica como ésta (aunque probablemente se trate de un problema de automatización del fondo antiguo), y en segundo lugar que se pueda considerar heterodoxo a un hombre que habló sobre tolerancia y que mostró una dignidad y una valentía inmensas en un tiempo nada propicio a las objeción de conciencia ni a la defensa de la libertad individual. Me gustaría leer más sobre él, en otro libro que estoy leyendo En busca de Spinoza, de Antonio Damasio, un tratado sobre la neurobiología de los sentimientos se narra los acontecimientos en Holanda en 1672 y del asesinato de los hermanos De Witt, una muestra de la revolución que conmovió Europa en ese siglo, que despierta en mí un deseo de conocer las causas de esas barbaries antiguas, como medio de evitar las futuras. Y el último del que os hablaré es de una autora egipcia que no conozco, Ahdaf Soueif, y se llama El mapa del amor, trata sobre el colonialismo y sobre África y lo he cogido prestado de Macondo. Buen fin de semana lector para todos.

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